Issue 3733: ranges::to misuses cpp17-input-iterator

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3733. `ranges::to` misuses `cpp17-input-iterator`

Section: 26.5.7.2 [range.utility.conv.to] Status: C++23 Submitter: S. B. Tam Opened: 2022-07-10 Last modified: 2024-01-29

Priority: 2

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Discussion:

ranges::to uses cpp17-input-iterator<iterator_t<R>> to check whether an iterator is a Cpp17InputIterator, which misbehaves if there is a std::iterator_traits specialization for that iterator (e.g. if the iterator is a std::common_iterator).

struct MyContainer {
    template<class Iter>
    MyContainer(Iter, Iter);

    char* begin();
    char* end();
};

auto nul_terminated = std::views::take_while([](char ch) { return ch != '\0'; });
auto c = nul_terminated("") | std::views::common | std::ranges::to<MyContainer>();  // error

I believe that ranges::to should instead use derived_from<typename iterator_traits<iterator_t<R>>::iterator_category, input_iterator_tag>, which correctly detects the iterator category of a std::common_iterator.

[2022-08-23; Reflector poll]

Set priority to 2 after reflector poll. Set status to Tentatively Ready after five votes in favour during reflector poll.

Previous resolution [SUPERSEDED]:

This wording is relative to N4910.
Modify 26.5.7.2 [range.utility.conv.to] as indicated:
template<class C, input_range R, class... Args> requires (!view<C>)
  constexpr C to(R&& r, Args&&... args);
-1- Returns: An object of type C constructed from the elements of r in the following manner:
(1.1) — If convertible_to<range_reference_t<R>, range_value_t<C>> is true:
(1.1.1) — If constructible_from<C, R, Args...> is true:

C(std::forward<R>(r), std::forward<Args>(args)...)

(1.1.2) — Otherwise, if constructible_from<C, from_range_t, R, Args...> is true:

C(from_range, std::forward<R>(r), std::forward<Args>(args)...)

(1.1.3) — Otherwise, if

(1.1.3.1) — common_range<R> is true,

(1.1.3.2) — cpp17-input-iteratorderived_from<typename iterator_traits<iterator_t<R>>::iterator_category, input_iterator_tag> is true, and

(1.1.3.3) — constructible_from<C, iterator_t<R>, sentinel_t<R>, Args...> is true:

C(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::forward<Args>(args)...)
(1.1.4) — Otherwise, if
(1.1.4.1) — constructible_from<C, Args...> is true, and
(1.1.4.2) — container-insertable<C, range_reference_t<R>> is true:
[…]
(1.2) — Otherwise, if input_range<range_reference_t<R>> is true:
to<C>(r | views::transform([](auto&& elem) {
  return to<range_value_t<C>>(std::forward<decltype(elem)>(elem));
}), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
(1.3) — Otherwise, the program is ill-formed.

[2022-08-27; Hewill Kang reopens and suggests a different resolution]

This issue points out that the standard misuses cpp17-input-iterator to check whether the iterator meets the requirements of Cpp17InputIterator, and proposes to use iterator_traits<I>::iterator_category to check the iterator's category directly, which may lead to the following potential problems:

First, for the range types that model both common_range and input_range, the expression iterator_traits<I>::iterator_category may not be valid, consider

#include <ranges>

struct I {
  using difference_type = int;
  using value_type = int;
  int operator*() const;
  I& operator++();
  void operator++(int);
  bool operator==(const I&) const;
  bool operator==(std::default_sentinel_t) const;
};

int main() {
  auto r = std::ranges::subrange(I{}, I{});
  auto v = r | std::ranges::to<std::vector<int>>(0);
}

Although I can serve as its own sentinel, it does not model cpp17-input-iterator since postfix operator++ returns void, which causes iterator_traits<R> to be an empty class, making the expression derived_from<iterator_traits<I>::iterator_category, input_iterator_tag> ill-formed.

Second, for common_iterator, iterator_traits<I>::iterator_category does not guarantee a strictly correct iterator category in the current standard.

For example, when the above I::operator* returns a non-copyable object that can be converted to int, this makes common_iterator<I, default_sentinel_t> unable to synthesize a C++17-conforming postfix operator++, however, iterator_traits<common_iterator<I, S>>::iterator_category will still give input_iterator_tag even though it's not even a C++17 iterator.

Another example is that for input_iterators with difference type of integer-class type, the difference type of the common_iterator wrapped on it is still of the integer-class type, but the iterator_category obtained by the iterator_traits is input_iterator_tag.

The proposed resolution only addresses the first issue since I believe that the problem with common_iterator requires a paper.

[2023-01-11; LWG telecon]

Set status to Tentatively Ready (poll results F6/A0/N1)

[2023-02-13 Approved at February 2023 meeting in Issaquah. Status changed: Voting → WP.]

Proposed resolution:

This wording is relative to N4917.

Modify 26.5.7.2 [range.utility.conv.to] as indicated:
```
template<class C, input_range R, class... Args> requires (!view<C>)
  constexpr C to(R&& r, Args&&... args);
```
-1- Returns: An object of type C constructed from the elements of r in the following manner:
1. (1.1) — If convertible_to<range_reference_t<R>, range_value_t<C>> is true:
  1. (1.1.1) — If constructible_from<C, R, Args...> is true:
    
    C(std::forward<R>(r), std::forward<Args>(args)...)
  2. (1.1.2) — Otherwise, if constructible_from<C, from_range_t, R, Args...> is true:
    
    C(from_range, std::forward<R>(r), std::forward<Args>(args)...)
  3. (1.1.3) — Otherwise, if
    
    (1.1.3.1) — common_range<R> is true,
    
    (1.1.3.2) — ~~cpp17-input-iterator~~if the qualified-id iterator_traits<iterator_t<R>>::iterator_category is ~~true~~ valid and denotes a type that models derived_from<input_iterator_tag>, and
    
    (1.1.3.3) — constructible_from<C, iterator_t<R>, sentinel_t<R>, Args...>:
    
    C(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::forward<Args>(args)...)
  4. (1.1.4) — Otherwise, if
    
    (1.1.4.1) — constructible_from<C, Args...> is true, and
    
    (1.1.4.2) — container-insertable<C, range_reference_t<R>> is true:
    
    […]
2. (1.2) — Otherwise, if input_range<range_reference_t<R>> is true:
  to<C>(r | views::transform([](auto&& elem) { return to<range_value_t<C>>(std::forward<decltype(elem)>(elem)); }), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
3. (1.3) — Otherwise, the program is ill-formed.

3733. ranges::to misuses cpp17-input-iterator

3733. `ranges::to` misuses `cpp17-input-iterator`