For single-object new-expression, the relevant rule is defined as that
[expr.new#5]

When the allocated object is not an array, the result of the new-expression is a pointer to the object created.

While the relevant rule for array new-expression is defined as that
[expr.new#6]

When the allocated object is an array (that is, the noptr-new-declarator syntax is used or the new-type-id or type-id denotes an array type), the new-expression yields a pointer to the initial element (if any) of the array.

This specifies the value of a new-expression. http://eel.is/c++draft/basic.lval#def:result,prvalue http://eel.is/c++draft/basic.compound#def:pointer_to

For the type of a value "pointer to an object", it is specified in [basic.compound#3], which is

A pointer to an object of type T is referred to as a “pointer to T”.

[Example 1: A pointer to an object of type int is referred to as “pointer to int” and a pointer to an object of class X is called a “pointer to X”. — end example]

the value that is a pointer to the object of T certainly has the type "pointer to T"

For the case of the initial element of an array, the element(subobject) has the type int[10], hence, the same way, a pointer to that subobject should have type "pointer to int[10]", namely int(*)[10].

But, [basic.compound#3] actually didn't define what "function pointer type" is, which could be clarified with a fix to #4712.

the value that is a pointer to the object of T certainly has the type "pointer to T"

int i;
reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(&i); // value «pointer to an object of type int» has type `unsigned*`

unsigned int and int are different types as per [basic.types#basic.fundamental-2], hence the result of reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(&i); is equivalent to static_­cast<unsigned int*>(static_­cast<void*>(i)). as per [expr.reinterpret.cast#7], where the value of static_­cast<void*>(i) still points to the object i as per [conv.ptr#2], abbreviate the result of that conversion as temp, then the result of static_­cast<unsigned int*>(temp) remains unchanged as per [expr.static.cast#13], in other words, the pointer still points to the object of type int, but its staticlly type has the type "pointer to unsigned int", it's ruled by [expr.static.cast#13].

the value that is a pointer to the object of T certainly has the type "pointer to T"

I agree on this utterance is a bit reckless.